Equipment and facilities are prone to failure after being in operation for a period of time. The probability of failure changes over time and can be divided into three stages: early failure period, random failure period, and wear-out failure period.

Static equipment leakage.

Unplanned shutdown of dynamic equipment.

Instrumentation failure.

Significant reduction in production efficiency.

High costs of downtime and repairs.

Potential for severe accidents such as fires and explosions.